As an embryo divides after fertilisation, mistakes in cell division sometimes produce abnormal cells with an incorrect number of chromosomes. These abnormal cells can be detected using preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) if they are included for testing after a biopsy is performed. When abnormal cells are detected alongside normal cells the embryo is called ‘mosaic’.
What do we know so far?
Mosaic embryos present a challenge for doctors because there is still very little data concerning the impact of mosaicism on embryo viability. To date, the outcome of only a few hundred mosaic embryo transfers have been reported worldwide. So far, the research literature shows that mosaic embryos have a lower implantation rate and higher miscarriage rate, but some are still capable of resulting in a healthy live birth with no evident issues at all. While it is still not clear how this occurs, it is thought that in ongoing pregnancies, the abnormal cells are out-competed by the normal cells present in the embryo. Since a biopsy represents only 5 cells of a 100+ cell embryo, we don’t actually know how many normal and abnormal cells are in the rest of the embryo.
What do IVF clinics do with mosaic embryos?
For above reasons, deciding what to do with mosaic embryos can be very difficult and can depend on many other aspects, including whether other embryos are available, and risk factors such as which chromosomes are involved. Flinders Fertility continually reviews research is this area so we can provide our patients with the latest information in order to help make decisions regarding these embryos, and will refer patients for a genetics consultation when necessary.
Want to find out more?
There can be quite a lot of information to take in when it comes to IVF treatment, so if you have any further questions, you can arrange a nurse chat. Alternatively, if you are ready to discuss the next step in your fertility journey, you can book an appointment with one of our fertility doctors.